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For stainless steel, the main compositions are Fe, Ni, Mn, and Cr. One of these metals is generally deposited on the substrate in the form of thin film as a catalyst before the growth of MWCNTs. Nickel, cobalt, iron, stainless steel, gold, platinum, and their alloys have been effectively used as catalysts. In the CVD process, the catalyst is one of the key factors for MWCNTs growth. The advantages of CVD are being a simple method, having low cost, and being suitable for large scale fabrication. Among these processes, the CVD is one of the most popular processes used for the growth of MWCNTs. Most of these processes have been generally prepared in vacuum or with process gases. MWCNTs can be synthesized by different methods such as arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and flame method. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely studied by many researchers. Chemical states of MWCNTs were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using synchrotron light. The results obtained in this work showed that the optimum heated stainless steel substrate temperature for the growth of effective MWCNTs is 700☌. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the growth and quality of MWCNTs. The occurrence of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles associated with carbon element can be used to reveal the behavior of Fe in stainless steel as catalyst. The number of graphitic walled layers and the inner diameter of MWCNTs were investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
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The crystallinity of MWCNTs was investigated by an X-ray diffractometer.
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The diameters of MWCNTs, as identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images together with ImageJ software program, were found to be 67.7, 43.0, and 33.1 nm, respectively. It was found that MWCNTs were grown on the stainless steel substrates heated at 600, 700, and 800☌ while amorphous carbon film was grown at 900☌. During the growth, the stainless steel substrates were heated at different temperatures of 600, 700, 800, and 900☌. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized on austenitic stainless steel foils (Type 304) using a home-built thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen (H 2) and acetylene (C 2H 2).